护理美式英语：外科术前、术中与术后恢复对话

一、术前所来不及

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

要用手术后之前所为了确保病者份的确保安全有许多社会活动要要用。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要探测并记录精神上先兆。将任何异常具体情况告知内科医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有假体，例如丝袜、假肢以及黏合剂都不宜该扣上。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.静脉注射师不但会想让高血压戴着黏合剂，所以医生必需审核静脉注射师的要求。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，高血压必需除去指甲油并卸妆。这样但会让内科医生更容易辨认病者到底抑郁症苍白病。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination苍白病通常证明高血压并不需要要顶多氧。还不宜当扣上弯角等装饰物，以免遭受细菌感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿填满大肠。大肠内充满着排泄物不但会在手术后过程之中受损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术前所高血压需要使用灌肠剂填满肠道，小手术后除外。这但会避免很多术后身体虚弱症状。还可以避免细菌感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，止痛药通常在高血压先入手术后室前所30分钟到一小时内施用。这可以让静脉注射过程先行时地更容易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后不宜该轻声可怜高血压先入休眠完全。手术后室内有时可以容许高血压的一位家属陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，高血压的病历表不宜该造就手术后室，并且栏位并不需要要完整。上面必需包含所有的鉴定和X光检查报告以及一份署名的手术后许可等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.过敏原和所需要药物，如胰岛素，也不宜在栏位之中注明。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，称王医生。我想去公厕。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你只能去公厕。请你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.手术后此后几天你是不容许下床的。所以你必需历史学家使用便盆。OK. Let me have a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候先手术后室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.大概午间。我但会在七点叫醒你然后从你的鼻孔之中插入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能去找我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.手术后后第二、三天我们并不需要要通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.大概傍晚见下文。How can my wife know about the operation?我妹妹怎样认识到我手术后的先展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她但会在等候室。手术后一结束我们但会来不及知但会她。Have you signed the consent?你在首肯书上签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。手术后前所我不宜该要用什么？We'll prepare you by shaving and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll have a liquid diet for supper.我们但会给你剃须要用清洁。然后你要洗个澡。午餐你要吃到一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我知道了。手术后但会很没用吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，手术后过程之中你不但会感受到任何没用痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.手术后后你醒来的时候就仍未在病院了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你不但会感到有点没用并昏昏沉沉。如果没用痛不止的话我们但会给你施用一些加剧没用痛的药物。Thank you.总有一天你 二、手术后之中

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，请想尽办法我接手术后室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目前所占线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.手术后室May I speak to the head nurse?能请医生长打来吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

你好，我是医生长。有什么可以想尽办法您？What's going on in the operation room right now?手术后室之中目前所是什么具体情况。I have an emergency case coming in.我来不及有一个立即病例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天傍晚称王内科医生的急性阑尾炎手术后要用合理来不及。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时前所接管了一个严重影响肋骨骨折的病者。他并不需要要立即接受胸腔手术后。你们想尽办法我安排立即手术后吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我来不及要用合理来不及。一切来不及完毕此后我给你打简讯。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你简讯。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。请去找医生血库但会给我们3或4其他部门的B型血供手术后使用。Anything else?还有其他要透露的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to have an assistant.有，我并不需要要要用全身静脉注射，并不需要要一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我来不及知但会称王内科医生。Thank you.总有一天你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.高血压还在昏迷完全，多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他接受了什么手术后？A chest operation.胸腔手术后。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药物过敏吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?手术后之中他失血很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他失血400ml。我们给他顶多了2其他部门的白细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他顶多其他凝胶了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%葡萄糖的蒸馏水。 四、手术后后康复与保健

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

手术后此后，外科病者通常并不需要要进一步提高保健。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其之中有一些因素。当然，也但会有一些常见疑问浮现。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些疑问是可以确信的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.手术后此后并不需要要对病者先行时血流流体动力学抚育。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.病者的很多症状与基本的临床疑问相关。Some patients will have intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些病者但会浮现术之中肿大或术后细菌感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这但会致使手术后后病情恢复原不稳定。因此病者并不需要要尤其伺候。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种具体情况在急救手术后病者身上更加常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果病者突然生物合成失调，并不需要要将其送入重症进一步提高保健病院。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及致命性创伤高血压还但会浮现血流流体动力学不稳定。Very often, they will have an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很不但会浮现急性发炎反不宜，这是由严重影响骨质或者软骨受伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果浮现低血容量性休克，这证明伤严重影响。有时并不需要要对病者先行时器官移植来补充其血液血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.病者的心理推移偶尔也但会并不需要要尤其抚育。If patients have nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非创伤性疾病的急救高血压的病症与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么高血压整个EVA不但会受其影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些影响但会分别致使各个器官的系统性发炎反不宜。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，高血压可能浮现多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who have to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，重症出院病院的高血压大部分是切除后高血压。 五、术后恢复原

Ms. Wang, I'm having a pain here.

称王内科医生，我这里很没用。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你掀开一些止没用药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?如今好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.抱歉，迟早你如今不可以口渴。但是我可以在你的脸颊上烤一些水想尽办法你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?总有一天。我什么时候可以口渴？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.并不需要要等你的肠鸣音和咽反射恢复原此后才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃到东西了吗？I'm afraid you can't.迟早不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃到东西？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

手术后一天此后你可以吃到一些流食。然后你慢慢地可以吃到软食，手术后四天此后就可以长时间用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不但会致使气体显现出的凝胶都以，例如茶、冰淇淋、过滤肉类、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食包含汤、鱼肉、非烹调肉、凉粉、豆子、火锅等等。Which kind of food should I avoid?我不宜该避免吃到哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, heavy salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.有种的点心、过多的色拉酱配料、烹调肉类、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么并不需要要请注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明天你并不需要要要用一些吞咽唱歌。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.吞咽唱歌可以预防措施吞咽系统并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己要用唱歌吗，还是你但会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我但会想尽办法你，给你提一些要求。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你如今可以去找我怎样要用吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按钮手术后突起，深吞咽然后肠胃。我但会把你的床头升高一些。I see.我知道了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你感到有什么身体虚弱的话请按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我但会的，总有一天你。